.. _catalyst-sec-visualization: Maps and plots ============== All views follow the selection: selecting origins in the origin table highlights them on the map and in the plots, and the diagnostic plots always show the active origin. .. _catalyst-sec-vis-map: Map panel --------- .. figure:: media/catalyst/map.png :alt: The Map panel with the active origin, its stations and picks :width: 70% The Map panel. The views are tabs; the controls on the right are shared by all three views. The panel has three **Views** - Map, Hexmap and 3D - and a column of controls on the right that applies to all of them: .. csv-table:: :header: "Controls", "Description" :widths: 22, 78 "Animation", "Steps through the origins in time order. **Play** starts or pauses the animation, the slider moves through it, **Cumul.** keeps the origins of earlier steps visible and **Reset** shows all origins again. The label next to **Cumul.** shows the time range currently shown." "Layers", "Show or hide faults, symbols, the reference catalogue, cities, city labels, stations and station labels. **Faults…** loads faults (|scname| XML or GeoJSON lines), which are also used for the *Fault Q* metric; **Catalog…** loads an external reference catalogue (FDSNWS text or CSV with ``time,lat,lon,depth``), drawn as grey dots. The **Reset** next to each removes it again." "Clustering", "Clustering of the origins shown: **eps** (neighbourhood radius), **min size** (minimum cluster size) and **depth ×** (weight of depth in the distance). *auto* lets |appname| choose. Press **Refresh** to cluster again." The reference cities come from the profile key ``cities`` or from ``cities`` in :file:`catalyst.cfg`. Map ^^^ The **Map** tab shows the origins, the stations and the picks. The **active origin** is the large star; lines connect it to its **stations**, whose triangles are coloured by the residual of their pick (red late, blue early, grey unused). **Picks** are drawn at their stations. Clicking a pick selects the origins it belongs to, and clicking a star selects that origin. Hover over a station to see its name, phase and residual. Hexmap ^^^^^^ The **Hexmap** tab shows the origins as a hexagon density map. **Res** sets the hexagon width in km, and **Symbols** overlays the epicentres and stations. Each cell can show * the number of events, * the mean depth, * the mean number of phases, * the difference in the number of events between the catalogue and a loaded reference catalogue. The cells can be limited to one time category: *day* or *night* (sun above or below the horizon at the epicentre), *weekday* or *weekend* (local date), *summer* (June to August) or *winter*. Comparing day and night or weekday and weekend maps helps to find quarry blasts and other man-made sources. A minimum count hides cells with fewer origins. A note on the map explains when a category contains no origins. 3D ^^ The **3D** tab shows the hypocentres in three dimensions, with topography if ``demPath`` is set. Faults, the reference catalogue and the origin clustering are set with the controls on the right of the panel (see above). .. todo:: Screenshot: 3D view with faults and clustered origins (``base/media/catalyst/3d.png``). .. _catalyst-sec-vis-picks: Picks panel ----------- .. csv-table:: :header: "Tab", "Content" :widths: 20, 80 "Table", "All picks, sortable by every column. The context menu offers **Copy**, **Save as CSV…** and **Delete pick(s)**." "Histogram", "Number of picks over time. Click a bar to show only its picks; see :ref:`catalyst-sec-pickfilters`." "Beams", "Array beams on a map: the back-azimuth of each array pick drawn from its station." "Slow/Baz", "Slowness against back-azimuth of the array picks as a polar chart; selecting segments filters the picks. See below." "Baz/time", "Back-azimuth of the array picks over time. Sources that are active repeatedly show up as horizontal lines." The Beams and Slow/Baz tabs show the picks of the selected origins when origins are selected. .. _catalyst-sec-vis-slowbaz: Slow/Baz ^^^^^^^^ .. figure:: media/catalyst/slowbaz-polar.png :alt: The Slow/Baz polar chart with infrasound array picks on the Is band :width: 70% The Slow/Baz chart of an infrasound data set: all picks lie on the Is band. The chart shows each array pick at its **back-azimuth** (angle, north up, clockwise) and its horizontal slowness (radius, logarithmic). The pick colour identifies the station; picks hidden by a filter are drawn grey. The radius is divided into rings whose **limits** are written along the top edge in s/° and as trace velocity in km/s: * the inner rings hold **seismic** picks (fast, below about 30 s/°), * the **Is band** holds atmospheric infrasound, 0.30–0.45 km/s trace velocity (about 247–371 s/°, after the European Infrasound Bulletin), * the outer ring holds slower detections, usually wind noise. Each ring is cut into 15° sectors. The **mouse** actions are shown at the bottom of the chart: * click a sector to select or deselect it, * **Shift+click** selects or deselects a whole ring, * right-click the Is band to change its limits. Selected sectors act as a pick filter: only array picks inside them stay visible in the table and the other views, and only those are used for nucleation. Picks without a back-azimuth or slowness are not affected. The selection and the band limits appear in the pick filter dialog and are saved in the profile (``pickIsTraceVelMin``, ``pickIsTraceVelMax``). .. _catalyst-sec-vis-baztime: Baz/time ^^^^^^^^ .. figure:: media/catalyst/baz-time.png :alt: Back-azimuth of infrasound array picks over time :width: 70% Back-azimuth over time. Repeating sources form horizontal bands. The plot shows the **back-azimuth** of each array pick against its **time**. Only the picks visible in the pick table are drawn, so the **pick filter** and the Slow/Baz selection apply. Each station has its own colour, and the marker shape follows the phase (circle P, square S, triangle Is). A source that is active repeatedly - a quarry, a mine, a test site - is seen from one array under nearly the same back-azimuth every time, so its picks line up as **repeating sources**: horizontal bands. A band that appears in several arrays at once points to the source; **Match Slow/Baz** (see :ref:`catalyst-sec-refine`) uses this. The **summary** in the upper left counts the picks and stations shown and the picks selected. Drag a rectangle to select its picks in the pick table (with **Shift** to add, **Ctrl** to remove); selected picks get a dark ring. Hover a marker to see its station, phase and time. .. _catalyst-sec-vis-origins: Origins panel ------------- .. csv-table:: :header: "Tab", "Content" :widths: 20, 80 "Table", "All origins with their quality metrics, see :ref:`catalyst-sec-qc-metrics`. The filter button opens the origin filters: latitude, longitude, depth, RMS, phase count, mismatch, status and whether the origin was updated." "Cumulative", "Cumulative number of origins over time." "Wadati", "Wadati diagram of the active origin: S−P time against the P time after the first P, for stations with both phases. The slope plus 1 is the vp/vs ratio; stations off the line point to a mispicked P or S." .. _catalyst-sec-vis-active: Active origin panel ------------------- The plots of the active origin are the main tool for judging a location. All plots, the arrivals table and the pick plots draw a pick the same way: the **shape** gives the phase family, the **colour** its state. .. csv-table:: :header: "Shape", "Phase family" :widths: 30, 70 "circle", "P" "square", "S" "triangle", "Is (infrasound)" .. csv-table:: :header: "Fill / outline", "State" :widths: 30, 70 "red / red", "used by the origin" "white / red", "associated, not used (weight 0)" "blue / red", "to be added (pending)" "red / blue", "to be removed (pending)" "blue / blue", "not associated" Unassociated picks can be box-selected and associated, and clicking a point toggles whether the arrival is used. Hover a marker to see its station, phase and time. .. csv-table:: :header: "Tab", "Content" :widths: 20, 80 "Arrivals", "The arrivals with residual, distance, azimuth and weight." "Distance", "Residual against distance." "Azimuth", "Residual against azimuth. A trend with azimuth points to a mislocation." "Baz residual", "For array picks: measured minus predicted back-azimuth against azimuth, with the pick uncertainty as error bars." "Travel-time", "Picks against distance with the P and S travel-time curves and their tolerance bands. This is the plot the :ref:`analyst rules ` are based on." "Move-out", "Reduced travel time (T − d/V) against distance per phase family, with the apparent-velocity fit. See below." "Polar", "Plan view of the stations around the epicentre. The azimuthal gap is easiest to see here." Baz residual ^^^^^^^^^^^^ .. figure:: media/catalyst/baz-residual.png :alt: Back-azimuth residuals of three array picks with error bars :width: 70% Back-azimuth residuals of three array picks, all within the tolerance. For each array pick of the active origin the plot shows the **residual** - the measured back-azimuth minus the direction from the station to the epicentre - against the **azimuth** of the station seen from the epicentre. The **error bars** are the back-azimuth uncertainty of the pick (asymmetric if the pick has a lower and upper uncertainty). The green **tolerance band** is ± **Az tol** of the back projection (see :ref:`catalyst-sec-nucleation-bp`). Picks inside it agree with the epicentre. A single array far outside points to a wrong association or a disturbed bearing; the Azimuth locator switches such an array off by itself when three or more arrays are available. A trend with azimuth points to a mislocation. If no arrival carries a back-azimuth, the plot says so. Move-out ^^^^^^^^ .. figure:: media/catalyst/moveout-is.png :alt: Move-out plot of an infrasound origin with fit line and celerity band :width: 70% Move-out of an infrasound origin: three Is picks, the fitted line and the celerity band. The move-out plot shows the reduced travel time T − d/V of the picks against distance. With V equal to the apparent velocity of the picks they line up horizontally, which makes outliers and wrong phases easy to see. The **controls** select the phase **Family** (P, S or Is), set **Reduce vel** (V) and run **Fit V**. Fit V fits a straight line through the used picks of each family and writes the result to the **fit readout**: the apparent velocity with its uncertainty, the RMS and the number of picks. The selected family's velocity becomes **Reduce vel**, and its **fit line** is drawn dashed, labelled with V and t0 - the time of the line at distance 0 relative to the origin time. A t0 far from 0 means the origin time does not fit the picks. For P and S the theoretical travel-time curves of the selected model are drawn. For **Is** the **celerity band** is drawn instead: a wedge from the origin between 0.27 and 0.34 km/s celerity. **Picks** inside it are consistent with stratospheric or tropospheric propagation. Travel-time ^^^^^^^^^^^ .. figure:: media/catalyst/travel-time.png :alt: Travel-time plot of an infrasound origin with the Is curve :width: 70% Travel time of three Is picks against distance, on the Is curve of the travel-time model. The plot shows the **travel time** of each pick (pick time minus origin time) against the epicentral **distance**. The curves are the travel times of the selected model for the phases of the picks - P, S and their crustal branches, or the **Is curve** for infrasound. The shaded **tolerance band** around each curve is ± **Assoc. tol**: picks inside it are associated by **Associate** and kept by **Deassociate**. **Picks** of the origin are drawn in their state colour; unassociated picks nearby are blue and can be selected with a rectangle and associated. This is the plot the :ref:`analyst rules ` are based on.